4 10 292 https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/6354109b5618b44d39693ce89eb6da78.tif 7e5a852bfd4f101b6285499f92057b72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger Description An account of the resource Also referred to as “Black Stone” in Latin, this site was discovered in a series of excavations by Giacomo Boni from 1899-1900, and was found to have been located between Curia Julia and the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum. During its active lifetime, this sanctuary had an open-air, horseshoe shaped altar dating to around 350-300 BCE, columns dedicated for cult worship, and an inscribed stela with boustrophedon text—meaning alternate lines of writing and its letters were written in reverse. This stela is called the Cippo Del Foro Romano, and it was dated back to the middle of the Royal Period, so around 575-500 BCE. It was made of plaster and had a lex sacrata inscription that usually either detailed a law accompanied by an oath, or it threatened penalty for violators of a certain place. Though there is no direct translation available, given that it was written in Old Latin, the content that was able to be transcribed is as follows: “QUOI HON…SAKROS ESED…REGEI/KALATOREM…IOUXMENTA/KAPIA…IOUESTOD” Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, helps us out by suggesting that this stela was perhaps an epitaph of Hostilius and his bravery against the Sabines. However, Pompeius Festus, an earlier Imperial period writer, writes, “the black stone in the Comitium marks an unlucky spot: according to some it was intended to serve as a grave of Romulus, but this intention was not carried out, and in the place of Romulus his foster-father Faustulus was buried” (Milligan). Though, it is interesting to note that this exact area was said to have been the place where Romulus was either killed or had been taken to heaven, which is why this monument has also been referred to as the ‘Tomb of Romulus’. It was inferred that this site also acted as a repository for objects that reminded the Romans of their monarchy past and was seen as a unified place of memory that had quite a special status in the late Republic—as it was associated with death, mournfulness, and fatefulness. This is because votive gifts were found, suggesting that it may have acted as a sanctuary and that the Romans intentionally buried this site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Milligan, Mark. “The Mysterious Lapis Niger Sanctuary beneath Ancient Rome.” HeritageDaily - Archaeology News, 30 Jan. 2022, www.heritagedaily.com/2022/01/the-mysterious-lapis-niger-roman-sanctuary/142627. 2. “Cippo Del Foro (575-550 A.C.) | Museo Della Civiltà Romana.” Www.museociviltaromana.it, www.museociviltaromana.it/it/opera/cippo-del-foro-575-550-ac. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3. Jasiński, Jakub. Lapis Niger «IMPERIUM ROMANUM. imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/lapis-niger/. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inscription Below Lapis Niger Subject The topic of the resource Cippo Del Foro Romano Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Roman Forum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/d13e2d7cac6022a1c9d11e517a2d561b.tif ef2069009d0b96fdbb6c52b8d43d6d7b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger Description An account of the resource Also referred to as “Black Stone” in Latin, this site was discovered in a series of excavations by Giacomo Boni from 1899-1900, and was found to have been located between Curia Julia and the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum. During its active lifetime, this sanctuary had an open-air, horseshoe shaped altar dating to around 350-300 BCE, columns dedicated for cult worship, and an inscribed stela with boustrophedon text—meaning alternate lines of writing and its letters were written in reverse. This stela is called the Cippo Del Foro Romano, and it was dated back to the middle of the Royal Period, so around 575-500 BCE. It was made of plaster and had a lex sacrata inscription that usually either detailed a law accompanied by an oath, or it threatened penalty for violators of a certain place. Though there is no direct translation available, given that it was written in Old Latin, the content that was able to be transcribed is as follows: “QUOI HON…SAKROS ESED…REGEI/KALATOREM…IOUXMENTA/KAPIA…IOUESTOD” Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, helps us out by suggesting that this stela was perhaps an epitaph of Hostilius and his bravery against the Sabines. However, Pompeius Festus, an earlier Imperial period writer, writes, “the black stone in the Comitium marks an unlucky spot: according to some it was intended to serve as a grave of Romulus, but this intention was not carried out, and in the place of Romulus his foster-father Faustulus was buried” (Milligan). Though, it is interesting to note that this exact area was said to have been the place where Romulus was either killed or had been taken to heaven, which is why this monument has also been referred to as the ‘Tomb of Romulus’. It was inferred that this site also acted as a repository for objects that reminded the Romans of their monarchy past and was seen as a unified place of memory that had quite a special status in the late Republic—as it was associated with death, mournfulness, and fatefulness. This is because votive gifts were found, suggesting that it may have acted as a sanctuary and that the Romans intentionally buried this site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Milligan, Mark. “The Mysterious Lapis Niger Sanctuary beneath Ancient Rome.” HeritageDaily - Archaeology News, 30 Jan. 2022, www.heritagedaily.com/2022/01/the-mysterious-lapis-niger-roman-sanctuary/142627. 2. “Cippo Del Foro (575-550 A.C.) | Museo Della Civiltà Romana.” Www.museociviltaromana.it, www.museociviltaromana.it/it/opera/cippo-del-foro-575-550-ac. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3. Jasiński, Jakub. Lapis Niger «IMPERIUM ROMANUM. imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/lapis-niger/. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inscription Below Lapis Niger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant EUR, Museum of Roman Civilization, Rome, Italy Subject The topic of the resource Cippo Del Foro Romano https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/e39b907803a7b1e1ddc6650513a36b5b.tif c68717c2ad84cc93ce10bfcf7ff624b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger Description An account of the resource Also referred to as “Black Stone” in Latin, this site was discovered in a series of excavations by Giacomo Boni from 1899-1900, and was found to have been located between Curia Julia and the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum. During its active lifetime, this sanctuary had an open-air, horseshoe shaped altar dating to around 350-300 BCE, columns dedicated for cult worship, and an inscribed stela with boustrophedon text—meaning alternate lines of writing and its letters were written in reverse. This stela is called the Cippo Del Foro Romano, and it was dated back to the middle of the Royal Period, so around 575-500 BCE. It was made of plaster and had a lex sacrata inscription that usually either detailed a law accompanied by an oath, or it threatened penalty for violators of a certain place. Though there is no direct translation available, given that it was written in Old Latin, the content that was able to be transcribed is as follows: “QUOI HON…SAKROS ESED…REGEI/KALATOREM…IOUXMENTA/KAPIA…IOUESTOD” Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, helps us out by suggesting that this stela was perhaps an epitaph of Hostilius and his bravery against the Sabines. However, Pompeius Festus, an earlier Imperial period writer, writes, “the black stone in the Comitium marks an unlucky spot: according to some it was intended to serve as a grave of Romulus, but this intention was not carried out, and in the place of Romulus his foster-father Faustulus was buried” (Milligan). Though, it is interesting to note that this exact area was said to have been the place where Romulus was either killed or had been taken to heaven, which is why this monument has also been referred to as the ‘Tomb of Romulus’. It was inferred that this site also acted as a repository for objects that reminded the Romans of their monarchy past and was seen as a unified place of memory that had quite a special status in the late Republic—as it was associated with death, mournfulness, and fatefulness. This is because votive gifts were found, suggesting that it may have acted as a sanctuary and that the Romans intentionally buried this site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Milligan, Mark. “The Mysterious Lapis Niger Sanctuary beneath Ancient Rome.” HeritageDaily - Archaeology News, 30 Jan. 2022, www.heritagedaily.com/2022/01/the-mysterious-lapis-niger-roman-sanctuary/142627. 2. “Cippo Del Foro (575-550 A.C.) | Museo Della Civiltà Romana.” Www.museociviltaromana.it, www.museociviltaromana.it/it/opera/cippo-del-foro-575-550-ac. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3. Jasiński, Jakub. Lapis Niger «IMPERIUM ROMANUM. imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/lapis-niger/. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Below Lapis Niger - Site Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Roman Forum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/37e112b7cc33abda05be27d09264821f.tif acb6684f70452af08144fc0b35e90684 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger Description An account of the resource Also referred to as “Black Stone” in Latin, this site was discovered in a series of excavations by Giacomo Boni from 1899-1900, and was found to have been located between Curia Julia and the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum. During its active lifetime, this sanctuary had an open-air, horseshoe shaped altar dating to around 350-300 BCE, columns dedicated for cult worship, and an inscribed stela with boustrophedon text—meaning alternate lines of writing and its letters were written in reverse. This stela is called the Cippo Del Foro Romano, and it was dated back to the middle of the Royal Period, so around 575-500 BCE. It was made of plaster and had a lex sacrata inscription that usually either detailed a law accompanied by an oath, or it threatened penalty for violators of a certain place. Though there is no direct translation available, given that it was written in Old Latin, the content that was able to be transcribed is as follows: “QUOI HON…SAKROS ESED…REGEI/KALATOREM…IOUXMENTA/KAPIA…IOUESTOD” Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, helps us out by suggesting that this stela was perhaps an epitaph of Hostilius and his bravery against the Sabines. However, Pompeius Festus, an earlier Imperial period writer, writes, “the black stone in the Comitium marks an unlucky spot: according to some it was intended to serve as a grave of Romulus, but this intention was not carried out, and in the place of Romulus his foster-father Faustulus was buried” (Milligan). Though, it is interesting to note that this exact area was said to have been the place where Romulus was either killed or had been taken to heaven, which is why this monument has also been referred to as the ‘Tomb of Romulus’. It was inferred that this site also acted as a repository for objects that reminded the Romans of their monarchy past and was seen as a unified place of memory that had quite a special status in the late Republic—as it was associated with death, mournfulness, and fatefulness. This is because votive gifts were found, suggesting that it may have acted as a sanctuary and that the Romans intentionally buried this site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Milligan, Mark. “The Mysterious Lapis Niger Sanctuary beneath Ancient Rome.” HeritageDaily - Archaeology News, 30 Jan. 2022, www.heritagedaily.com/2022/01/the-mysterious-lapis-niger-roman-sanctuary/142627. 2. “Cippo Del Foro (575-550 A.C.) | Museo Della Civiltà Romana.” Www.museociviltaromana.it, www.museociviltaromana.it/it/opera/cippo-del-foro-575-550-ac. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3. Jasiński, Jakub. Lapis Niger «IMPERIUM ROMANUM. imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/lapis-niger/. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger - Site Image Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June, 1983 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Roman Forum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/b1b0401d5e537056cea090418928dc6b.tif 96a00840ae66b8a254f53008e0ecc8d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger Description An account of the resource Also referred to as “Black Stone” in Latin, this site was discovered in a series of excavations by Giacomo Boni from 1899-1900, and was found to have been located between Curia Julia and the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum. During its active lifetime, this sanctuary had an open-air, horseshoe shaped altar dating to around 350-300 BCE, columns dedicated for cult worship, and an inscribed stela with boustrophedon text—meaning alternate lines of writing and its letters were written in reverse. This stela is called the Cippo Del Foro Romano, and it was dated back to the middle of the Royal Period, so around 575-500 BCE. It was made of plaster and had a lex sacrata inscription that usually either detailed a law accompanied by an oath, or it threatened penalty for violators of a certain place. Though there is no direct translation available, given that it was written in Old Latin, the content that was able to be transcribed is as follows: “QUOI HON…SAKROS ESED…REGEI/KALATOREM…IOUXMENTA/KAPIA…IOUESTOD” Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, helps us out by suggesting that this stela was perhaps an epitaph of Hostilius and his bravery against the Sabines. However, Pompeius Festus, an earlier Imperial period writer, writes, “the black stone in the Comitium marks an unlucky spot: according to some it was intended to serve as a grave of Romulus, but this intention was not carried out, and in the place of Romulus his foster-father Faustulus was buried” (Milligan). Though, it is interesting to note that this exact area was said to have been the place where Romulus was either killed or had been taken to heaven, which is why this monument has also been referred to as the ‘Tomb of Romulus’. It was inferred that this site also acted as a repository for objects that reminded the Romans of their monarchy past and was seen as a unified place of memory that had quite a special status in the late Republic—as it was associated with death, mournfulness, and fatefulness. This is because votive gifts were found, suggesting that it may have acted as a sanctuary and that the Romans intentionally buried this site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Milligan, Mark. “The Mysterious Lapis Niger Sanctuary beneath Ancient Rome.” HeritageDaily - Archaeology News, 30 Jan. 2022, www.heritagedaily.com/2022/01/the-mysterious-lapis-niger-roman-sanctuary/142627. 2. “Cippo Del Foro (575-550 A.C.) | Museo Della Civiltà Romana.” Www.museociviltaromana.it, www.museociviltaromana.it/it/opera/cippo-del-foro-575-550-ac. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3. Jasiński, Jakub. Lapis Niger «IMPERIUM ROMANUM. imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-art-and-culture/roman-architecture/roman-buildings/lapis-niger/. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lapis Niger - Site Image Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July, 1983 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Roman Forum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/aa49ef3b634dd88ea22b0ec92b5a6882.tif f5bd90b51dacb1d5d0b64cda8bdeda7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Capitolinus) Description An account of the resource Located on Capitoline Hill, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is a rather fragmented piece of Roman architectural history, as only scarce portions of the temple were able to be preserved—the tuff foundation and podium, as well as the marble and terracotta architectural elements. Regardless, the architectural plan that was originally there mimicked those of late-Archaic Etruscan temples, with a high podium, a single frontal staircase, a three column deep pronaos, and hexastyle columns. As well, a tripartite interior—a three part interior—with three adjacent cellae were present, each cella dedicated to the ‘Capitoline Triad’ that was Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The notable terracotta elements present included an acroteria, and a large statue of Jupiter driving a quadriga. Though, later reconstructions of this temple during the Roman Empire incorporated more extravagant external material builds, like a superstructure of Pentelic marble, gilded roof tiles, gold-plated doors, and a pedimental relief sculpture. In terms of its history, it was dedicated in 509 BCE, and this was the monumental year when the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and subsequently established its republican system of government; thus, this temple was used to assert Roman independence from the Etruscan. However, ever since its conception, it has been notoriously destroyed, rebuilt, and rededicated multiple times due to a slew of fires—never having a true moment of rest. Starting in 83 BCE, this temple was destroyed in the fire of the 6th of July but was later rebuilt and rededicated some time around the 60s BCE. Unfortunately, on December 19th 69 CE, it was destroyed in another fire that may have been caused by the temple’s wooden entablature, pediments, and roof, with Emperor Vespasian taking charge of the rebuilding process. Then, in 80 CE, another fire struck the temple and was later restored during the reign of Emperor Domitian, as evident by his inscribed name on the temple. Functionally, it was both used as a religious space, as well as a repository for ritual, cultural, and political objects—like spoils of war and the Sibylline Oracles—an endpoint for triumphs, a meeting place for the Senate, an archive for public records, and an all-encompassing symbol of Rome’s supremacy and divine agency. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Kaderka -Pier, Karolina, and Luigi Tucci. ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM) Bullettino Dell’Istituto Archeologico Germanico, Sezione Romana (RM). 2021, d-nb.info/1253556083/34, https://doi.org/10.34780/a20j-2hj9. Accessed 7 Oct. 2023. 2. Findley, Andrew. “Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome.” Khan Academy, 2016, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/roman-republic/a/jupiter-optimus-maximus. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wall of Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/16ff20e6fa3ed7e84c3138fdb2a04b52.tif 685e06bf8e56ecc08c9ad777d79ab3ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Capitolinus) Description An account of the resource Located on Capitoline Hill, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is a rather fragmented piece of Roman architectural history, as only scarce portions of the temple were able to be preserved—the tuff foundation and podium, as well as the marble and terracotta architectural elements. Regardless, the architectural plan that was originally there mimicked those of late-Archaic Etruscan temples, with a high podium, a single frontal staircase, a three column deep pronaos, and hexastyle columns. As well, a tripartite interior—a three part interior—with three adjacent cellae were present, each cella dedicated to the ‘Capitoline Triad’ that was Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The notable terracotta elements present included an acroteria, and a large statue of Jupiter driving a quadriga. Though, later reconstructions of this temple during the Roman Empire incorporated more extravagant external material builds, like a superstructure of Pentelic marble, gilded roof tiles, gold-plated doors, and a pedimental relief sculpture. In terms of its history, it was dedicated in 509 BCE, and this was the monumental year when the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and subsequently established its republican system of government; thus, this temple was used to assert Roman independence from the Etruscan. However, ever since its conception, it has been notoriously destroyed, rebuilt, and rededicated multiple times due to a slew of fires—never having a true moment of rest. Starting in 83 BCE, this temple was destroyed in the fire of the 6th of July but was later rebuilt and rededicated some time around the 60s BCE. Unfortunately, on December 19th 69 CE, it was destroyed in another fire that may have been caused by the temple’s wooden entablature, pediments, and roof, with Emperor Vespasian taking charge of the rebuilding process. Then, in 80 CE, another fire struck the temple and was later restored during the reign of Emperor Domitian, as evident by his inscribed name on the temple. Functionally, it was both used as a religious space, as well as a repository for ritual, cultural, and political objects—like spoils of war and the Sibylline Oracles—an endpoint for triumphs, a meeting place for the Senate, an archive for public records, and an all-encompassing symbol of Rome’s supremacy and divine agency. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Kaderka -Pier, Karolina, and Luigi Tucci. ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM) Bullettino Dell’Istituto Archeologico Germanico, Sezione Romana (RM). 2021, d-nb.info/1253556083/34, https://doi.org/10.34780/a20j-2hj9. Accessed 7 Oct. 2023. 2. Findley, Andrew. “Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome.” Khan Academy, 2016, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/roman-republic/a/jupiter-optimus-maximus. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wall of Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/b573951d10bab0342990bf4a0b63b9df.tif f1447a33e9d4090b5ed8e1c240e50340 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Capitolinus) Description An account of the resource Located on Capitoline Hill, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is a rather fragmented piece of Roman architectural history, as only scarce portions of the temple were able to be preserved—the tuff foundation and podium, as well as the marble and terracotta architectural elements. Regardless, the architectural plan that was originally there mimicked those of late-Archaic Etruscan temples, with a high podium, a single frontal staircase, a three column deep pronaos, and hexastyle columns. As well, a tripartite interior—a three part interior—with three adjacent cellae were present, each cella dedicated to the ‘Capitoline Triad’ that was Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The notable terracotta elements present included an acroteria, and a large statue of Jupiter driving a quadriga. Though, later reconstructions of this temple during the Roman Empire incorporated more extravagant external material builds, like a superstructure of Pentelic marble, gilded roof tiles, gold-plated doors, and a pedimental relief sculpture. In terms of its history, it was dedicated in 509 BCE, and this was the monumental year when the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and subsequently established its republican system of government; thus, this temple was used to assert Roman independence from the Etruscan. However, ever since its conception, it has been notoriously destroyed, rebuilt, and rededicated multiple times due to a slew of fires—never having a true moment of rest. Starting in 83 BCE, this temple was destroyed in the fire of the 6th of July but was later rebuilt and rededicated some time around the 60s BCE. Unfortunately, on December 19th 69 CE, it was destroyed in another fire that may have been caused by the temple’s wooden entablature, pediments, and roof, with Emperor Vespasian taking charge of the rebuilding process. Then, in 80 CE, another fire struck the temple and was later restored during the reign of Emperor Domitian, as evident by his inscribed name on the temple. Functionally, it was both used as a religious space, as well as a repository for ritual, cultural, and political objects—like spoils of war and the Sibylline Oracles—an endpoint for triumphs, a meeting place for the Senate, an archive for public records, and an all-encompassing symbol of Rome’s supremacy and divine agency. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Kaderka -Pier, Karolina, and Luigi Tucci. ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM) Bullettino Dell’Istituto Archeologico Germanico, Sezione Romana (RM). 2021, d-nb.info/1253556083/34, https://doi.org/10.34780/a20j-2hj9. Accessed 7 Oct. 2023. 2. Findley, Andrew. “Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome.” Khan Academy, 2016, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/roman-republic/a/jupiter-optimus-maximus. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple Pavement Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/c037ae8c8dadd735ddb809b512c88f0f.tif 376b945a1ed3fc5bdcba5dff9a36ddd2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Capitolinus) Description An account of the resource Located on Capitoline Hill, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is a rather fragmented piece of Roman architectural history, as only scarce portions of the temple were able to be preserved—the tuff foundation and podium, as well as the marble and terracotta architectural elements. Regardless, the architectural plan that was originally there mimicked those of late-Archaic Etruscan temples, with a high podium, a single frontal staircase, a three column deep pronaos, and hexastyle columns. As well, a tripartite interior—a three part interior—with three adjacent cellae were present, each cella dedicated to the ‘Capitoline Triad’ that was Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The notable terracotta elements present included an acroteria, and a large statue of Jupiter driving a quadriga. Though, later reconstructions of this temple during the Roman Empire incorporated more extravagant external material builds, like a superstructure of Pentelic marble, gilded roof tiles, gold-plated doors, and a pedimental relief sculpture. In terms of its history, it was dedicated in 509 BCE, and this was the monumental year when the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and subsequently established its republican system of government; thus, this temple was used to assert Roman independence from the Etruscan. However, ever since its conception, it has been notoriously destroyed, rebuilt, and rededicated multiple times due to a slew of fires—never having a true moment of rest. Starting in 83 BCE, this temple was destroyed in the fire of the 6th of July but was later rebuilt and rededicated some time around the 60s BCE. Unfortunately, on December 19th 69 CE, it was destroyed in another fire that may have been caused by the temple’s wooden entablature, pediments, and roof, with Emperor Vespasian taking charge of the rebuilding process. Then, in 80 CE, another fire struck the temple and was later restored during the reign of Emperor Domitian, as evident by his inscribed name on the temple. Functionally, it was both used as a religious space, as well as a repository for ritual, cultural, and political objects—like spoils of war and the Sibylline Oracles—an endpoint for triumphs, a meeting place for the Senate, an archive for public records, and an all-encompassing symbol of Rome’s supremacy and divine agency. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Kaderka -Pier, Karolina, and Luigi Tucci. ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM) Bullettino Dell’Istituto Archeologico Germanico, Sezione Romana (RM). 2021, d-nb.info/1253556083/34, https://doi.org/10.34780/a20j-2hj9. Accessed 7 Oct. 2023. 2. Findley, Andrew. “Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome.” Khan Academy, 2016, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/roman-republic/a/jupiter-optimus-maximus. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wall of Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy https://get-agrippa-on-architecture.artinterp.org/files/original/a0adc10f2123d5e55938ffad06986f32.tif f941d6a978838887814a6fbbb7bf4266 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Capitolinus) Description An account of the resource Located on Capitoline Hill, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is a rather fragmented piece of Roman architectural history, as only scarce portions of the temple were able to be preserved—the tuff foundation and podium, as well as the marble and terracotta architectural elements. Regardless, the architectural plan that was originally there mimicked those of late-Archaic Etruscan temples, with a high podium, a single frontal staircase, a three column deep pronaos, and hexastyle columns. As well, a tripartite interior—a three part interior—with three adjacent cellae were present, each cella dedicated to the ‘Capitoline Triad’ that was Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The notable terracotta elements present included an acroteria, and a large statue of Jupiter driving a quadriga. Though, later reconstructions of this temple during the Roman Empire incorporated more extravagant external material builds, like a superstructure of Pentelic marble, gilded roof tiles, gold-plated doors, and a pedimental relief sculpture. In terms of its history, it was dedicated in 509 BCE, and this was the monumental year when the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and subsequently established its republican system of government; thus, this temple was used to assert Roman independence from the Etruscan. However, ever since its conception, it has been notoriously destroyed, rebuilt, and rededicated multiple times due to a slew of fires—never having a true moment of rest. Starting in 83 BCE, this temple was destroyed in the fire of the 6th of July but was later rebuilt and rededicated some time around the 60s BCE. Unfortunately, on December 19th 69 CE, it was destroyed in another fire that may have been caused by the temple’s wooden entablature, pediments, and roof, with Emperor Vespasian taking charge of the rebuilding process. Then, in 80 CE, another fire struck the temple and was later restored during the reign of Emperor Domitian, as evident by his inscribed name on the temple. Functionally, it was both used as a religious space, as well as a repository for ritual, cultural, and political objects—like spoils of war and the Sibylline Oracles—an endpoint for triumphs, a meeting place for the Senate, an archive for public records, and an all-encompassing symbol of Rome’s supremacy and divine agency. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Kaderka -Pier, Karolina, and Luigi Tucci. ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM) Bullettino Dell’Istituto Archeologico Germanico, Sezione Romana (RM). 2021, d-nb.info/1253556083/34, https://doi.org/10.34780/a20j-2hj9. Accessed 7 Oct. 2023. 2. Findley, Andrew. “Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome.” Khan Academy, 2016, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/roman-republic/a/jupiter-optimus-maximus. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Model of Temple in Rome - Left Side Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant EUR, Museum of Roman Civilization, Rome, Italy Subject The topic of the resource 6th cen. BC